Integrated into transparent conductive coatings for architectural glass with energy-efficient infrared reflection, anti-static coatings for plastic packaging films and electronics enclosures, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding for transparent windows in aerospace and defense, transparent electrodes for electrochromic smart windows and displays, anti-static flooring for cleanrooms and operating theaters, conductive layers in touchscreens and LCD panels, transparent heaters for defrosting automotive windshields and aircraft windows, gas sensors for detecting combustible gases, solar control coatings for buildings to reduce cooling costs, and transparent conductive primers for powder coating applications. ATO combines excellent optical transparency with high electrical conductivity and superior thermal stability compared to ITO.