Applied as transparent conductive electrodes in thin-film solar cells (CIGS, CdTe) as cost-effective ITO alternative, transparent electrodes for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs), low-emissivity coatings for energy-efficient window glass, transparent heaters for defrosting and defogging applications, gas sensors for detecting ethanol and acetone vapors, piezoelectric nanogenerators for energy harvesting, UV photodetectors for flame detection and water purification monitoring, anti-microbial coatings combining conductivity with zinc-based bactericidal properties, and transparent RF shielding for electronic displays. AZO offers superior stability against moisture and hydrogen compared to ITO, making it ideal for flexible electronics and large-area coating applications.