Understanding the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
The GHS system uses standardized pictograms to communicate chemical hazards. Each symbol indicates specific dangers associated with chemical substances and mixtures. Always check Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for complete hazard information.
Hazards: Unstable explosives, self-reactive substances, organic peroxides
Examples: TNT, nitroglycerin, benzoyl peroxide
Can explode due to heat, shock, friction, or spark
Hazards: Flammable gases, aerosols, liquids, solids
Examples: Acetone, ethanol, hexane, methanol
Easily ignited by heat, sparks, or flames
Hazards: Oxidizing gases, liquids, solids
Examples: Hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate
May intensify fire; causes or intensifies combustion
Hazards: Gases under pressure
Examples: Nitrogen, oxygen, argon cylinders
May explode if heated; contains gas under pressure
Hazards: Fatal if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin
Examples: Cyanide compounds, arsenic, mercury compounds
Can cause death or serious health effects in small amounts
Hazards: Carcinogen, mutagenicity, reproductive toxicity, respiratory sensitizer, organ toxicity
Examples: Benzene, formaldehyde, asbestos
May cause cancer, genetic defects, or organ damage
Hazards: Skin/eye irritation, acute toxicity (lower categories), skin sensitizer
Examples: Sodium hydroxide (dilute), ammonia
Causes irritation or less serious health effects
Hazards: Severe skin burns, eye damage, corrosive to metals
Examples: Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide
Destroys living tissue and corrodes metals
Hazards: Acute or chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms
Examples: Heavy metals (lead, mercury), certain pesticides, petroleum products
Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects